Crohn Disease

Variant: 1 Suspected Crohn disease, no prior Crohn diagnosis. Initial Imaging.

Procedure	Appropriateness Category	Relative Radiation Level
MR enterography	Usually Appropriate	O
CT abdomen and pelvis with IV contrast	Usually Appropriate	☢☢☢
CT enterography	Usually Appropriate	☢☢☢☢
US abdomen and pelvis	May Be Appropriate	O
Fluoroscopy small bowel follow-through	May Be Appropriate	☢☢☢
MRI abdomen and pelvis without and with IV contrast	May Be Appropriate	O
MRI abdomen and pelvis without IV contrast	May Be Appropriate	O
CT abdomen and pelvis without IV contrast	May Be Appropriate	☢☢☢
Radiography abdomen	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢
Fluoroscopy contrast enema	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢☢
MR enteroclysis	Usually Not Appropriate	O
HMPAO WBC scan	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢☢
CT abdomen and pelvis without and with IV contrast	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢☢☢
CT enteroclysis	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢☢☢
FDG-PET/CT skull base to mid-thigh	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢☢☢

Variant: 2 Known Crohn disease, suspected acute exacerbation.

Procedure	Appropriateness Category	Relative Radiation Level
MR enterography	Usually Appropriate	O
CT abdomen and pelvis with IV contrast	Usually Appropriate	☢☢☢
CT enterography	Usually Appropriate	☢☢☢☢
Fluoroscopy small bowel follow-through	May Be Appropriate	☢☢☢
MR enteroclysis	May Be Appropriate	O
MRI abdomen and pelvis without and with IV contrast	May Be Appropriate	O
MRI abdomen and pelvis without IV contrast	May Be Appropriate	O
CT abdomen and pelvis without IV contrast	May Be Appropriate	☢☢☢
CT enteroclysis	May Be Appropriate	☢☢☢☢
US abdomen and pelvis	Usually Not Appropriate	O
Radiography abdomen	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢
Fluoroscopy contrast enema	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢☢
HMPAO WBC scan	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢☢
CT abdomen and pelvis without and with IV contrast	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢☢☢
FDG-PET/CT skull base to mid-thigh	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢☢☢

Variant: 3 Known Crohn disease, disease surveillance; monitoring therapy.

Procedure	Appropriateness Category	Relative Radiation Level
MR enterography	Usually Appropriate	O
CT enterography	Usually Appropriate	☢☢☢☢
US abdomen and pelvis	May Be Appropriate	O
Fluoroscopy small bowel follow-through	May Be Appropriate	☢☢☢
MR enteroclysis	May Be Appropriate	O
MRI abdomen and pelvis without and with IV contrast	May Be Appropriate	O
MRI abdomen and pelvis without IV contrast	May Be Appropriate	O
CT abdomen and pelvis with IV contrast	May Be Appropriate	☢☢☢
CT abdomen and pelvis without IV contrast	May Be Appropriate	☢☢☢
CT enteroclysis	May Be Appropriate	☢☢☢☢
Radiography abdomen	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢
Fluoroscopy contrast enema	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢☢
HMPAO WBC scan	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢☢
CT abdomen and pelvis without and with IV contrast	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢☢☢
FDG-PET/CT skull base to mid-thigh	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢☢☢

Panel Members

Summary of Literature Review

Introduction/Background

Special Imaging Considerations

Discussion of Procedures by Variant

Variant 1: Suspected Crohn disease, no prior Crohn diagnosis. Initial Imaging.

Variant 1: Suspected Crohn disease, no prior Crohn diagnosis. Initial Imaging.
A. CT Enterography

Variant 1: Suspected Crohn disease, no prior Crohn diagnosis. Initial Imaging.
B. CT Abdomen and Pelvis

Variant 1: Suspected Crohn disease, no prior Crohn diagnosis. Initial Imaging.
C. CT Enteroclysis

Variant 1: Suspected Crohn disease, no prior Crohn diagnosis. Initial Imaging.
D. MR Enteroclysis

Variant 1: Suspected Crohn disease, no prior Crohn diagnosis. Initial Imaging.
E. MR Enterography

Variant 1: Suspected Crohn disease, no prior Crohn diagnosis. Initial Imaging.
F. MRI Abdomen and Pelvis

Variant 1: Suspected Crohn disease, no prior Crohn diagnosis. Initial Imaging.
G. Radiography Abdomen

Variant 1: Suspected Crohn disease, no prior Crohn diagnosis. Initial Imaging.
H. Fluoroscopy Small-Bowel Follow-Through and Fluoroscopic Enteroclysis

Variant 1: Suspected Crohn disease, no prior Crohn diagnosis. Initial Imaging.
I. Fluoroscopy Contrast Enema

Variant 1: Suspected Crohn disease, no prior Crohn diagnosis. Initial Imaging.
J. US Abdomen and Pelvis

Variant 1: Suspected Crohn disease, no prior Crohn diagnosis. Initial Imaging.
K. HMPAO WBC Scan

Variant 1: Suspected Crohn disease, no prior Crohn diagnosis. Initial Imaging.
L. FDG-PET/CT Skull Base to Mid-Thigh

Variant 2: Known Crohn disease, suspected acute exacerbation.

Variant 2: Known Crohn disease, suspected acute exacerbation.
A. CT Abdomen and Pelvis

Variant 2: Known Crohn disease, suspected acute exacerbation.
B. CT Enteroclysis

Variant 2: Known Crohn disease, suspected acute exacerbation.
C. CT Enterography

Variant 2: Known Crohn disease, suspected acute exacerbation.
D. MR Enteroclysis

Variant 2: Known Crohn disease, suspected acute exacerbation.
E. MR Enterography

Variant 2: Known Crohn disease, suspected acute exacerbation.
F. MRI Abdomen and Pelvis

Variant 2: Known Crohn disease, suspected acute exacerbation.
G. US Abdomen and Pelvis

Variant 2: Known Crohn disease, suspected acute exacerbation.
H. Radiography Abdomen

Variant 2: Known Crohn disease, suspected acute exacerbation.
I. Fluoroscopy Small-Bowel Follow-Through and Fluoroscopic Enteroclysis

Variant 2: Known Crohn disease, suspected acute exacerbation.
J. Fluoroscopy Contrast Enema

Variant 2: Known Crohn disease, suspected acute exacerbation.
K. HMPAO WBC Scan

Variant 2: Known Crohn disease, suspected acute exacerbation.
L. FDG-PET/CT Skull Base to Mid-Thigh

Variant 3: Known Crohn disease, disease surveillance; monitoring therapy.

Variant 3: Known Crohn disease, disease surveillance; monitoring therapy.
A. CT Abdomen and Pelvis

Variant 3: Known Crohn disease, disease surveillance; monitoring therapy.
B. CT Enteroclysis

Variant 3: Known Crohn disease, disease surveillance; monitoring therapy.
C. CT Enterography

Variant 3: Known Crohn disease, disease surveillance; monitoring therapy.
D. MR Enteroclysis

Variant 3: Known Crohn disease, disease surveillance; monitoring therapy.
E. MR Enterography

Variant 3: Known Crohn disease, disease surveillance; monitoring therapy.
F. MRI Abdomen and Pelvis

Variant 3: Known Crohn disease, disease surveillance; monitoring therapy.
G. US Abdomen and Pelvis

Variant 3: Known Crohn disease, disease surveillance; monitoring therapy.
H. Radiography Abdomen

Variant 3: Known Crohn disease, disease surveillance; monitoring therapy.
I. Fluoroscopy Small-Bowel Follow-Through

Variant 3: Known Crohn disease, disease surveillance; monitoring therapy.
J. Fluoroscopy Contrast Enema

Variant 3: Known Crohn disease, disease surveillance; monitoring therapy.
K. HMPAO WBC Scan

Variant 3: Known Crohn disease, disease surveillance; monitoring therapy.
L. FDG-PET/CT Skull Base to Mid-Thigh

Summary of Recommendations

Supporting Documents

The evidence table, literature search, and appendix for this topic are available at https://acsearch.acr.org/list. The appendix includes the strength of evidence assessment and the final rating round tabulations for each recommendation.

For additional information on the Appropriateness Criteria methodology and other supporting documents, please go to the ACR website at https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Clinical-Tools-and-Reference/Appropriateness-Criteria.

Appropriateness Category Names and Definitions

Appropriateness Category Name	Appropriateness Rating	Appropriateness Category Definition
Usually Appropriate	7, 8, or 9	The imaging procedure or treatment is indicated in the specified clinical scenarios at a favorable risk-benefit ratio for patients.
May Be Appropriate	4, 5, or 6	The imaging procedure or treatment may be indicated in the specified clinical scenarios as an alternative to imaging procedures or treatments with a more favorable risk-benefit ratio, or the risk-benefit ratio for patients is equivocal.
May Be Appropriate (Disagreement)	5	The individual ratings are too dispersed from the panel median. The different label provides transparency regarding the panel’s recommendation. “May be appropriate” is the rating category and a rating of 5 is assigned.
Usually Not Appropriate	1, 2, or 3	The imaging procedure or treatment is unlikely to be indicated in the specified clinical scenarios, or the risk-benefit ratio for patients is likely to be unfavorable.

Relative Radiation Level Information

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Disclaimer

The ACR Committee on Appropriateness Criteria and its expert panels have developed criteria for determining appropriate imaging examinations for diagnosis and treatment of specified medical condition(s). These criteria are intended to guide radiologists, radiation oncologists and referring physicians in making decisions regarding radiologic imaging and treatment. Generally, the complexity and severity of a patient’s clinical condition should dictate the selection of appropriate imaging procedures or treatments. Only those examinations generally used for evaluation of the patient’s condition are ranked. Other imaging studies necessary to evaluate other co-existent diseases or other medical consequences of this condition are not considered in this document. The availability of equipment or personnel may influence the selection of appropriate imaging procedures or treatments. Imaging techniques classified as investigational by the FDA have not been considered in developing these criteria; however, study of new equipment and applications should be encouraged. The ultimate decision regarding the appropriateness of any specific radiologic examination or treatment must be made by the referring physician and radiologist in light of all the circumstances presented in an individual examination