ACR–ABS–ASTRO PRACTICE PARAMETER FOR TRANSPERINEAL PERMANENT BRACHYTHERAPY OF PROSTATE CANCER

PREAMBLE

I. INTRODUCTION

II. QUALIFICATIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF PERSONNEL

III. PATIENT SELECTION CRITERIA

IV. SPECIFICATIONS OF THE PROCEDURE

V. DOCUMENTATION

VI. POSTIMPLANT DOSIMETRY

VII. RADIATION SAFETY AND PHYSICS QUALITY CONTROL

VIII. FOLLOW-UP

IX. SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

1. [21542742] Bill-Axelson A, Holmberg L, Ruutu M, et al. Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in early prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(18):1708-1717.
2. [28262473] MorrisW JamesWJDepartment of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Cancer Agency-Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Electronic address: jmorris@bccancer.bc.ca., TyldesleyScottSDepartment of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Cancer Agency-Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada., RoddaSreeSDepartment of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada., et al. Androgen Suppression Combined with Elective Nodal and Dose Escalated Radiation Therapy (the ASCENDE-RT Trial): An Analysis of Survival Endpoints for a Randomized Trial Comparing a Low-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy Boost to a Dose-Escalated External Beam Boost for High- and Intermediate-risk Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 98:275-285, .
3. [24447404] SprattDaniel EDEDepartments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA., ZumstegZachary SZS, GhadjarPirusP, et al. Comparison of high-dose (86.4 Gy) IMRT vs combined brachytherapy plus IMRT for intermediate-risk prostate cancer. BJU Int 114:360-7, .
4. [17084544] Sylvester JE, Grimm PD, Blasko JC, et al. 15-Year biochemical relapse free survival in clinical Stage T1-T3 prostate cancer following combined external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy; Seattle experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007;67(1):57-64.
5. [25512465] KlotzLaurenceLLaurence Klotz, Danny Vesprini, Perakaa Sethukavalan, Vibhuti Jethava, Liying Zhang, Suneil Jain, Toshihiro Yamamoto, and Andrew Loblaw, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto; and Alexandre Mamedov, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Laurence.klotz@sunnybrook.ca., VespriniDannyDLaurence Klotz, Danny Vesprini, Perakaa Sethukavalan, Vibhuti Jethava, Liying Zhang, Suneil Jain, Toshihiro Yamamoto, and Andrew Loblaw, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto; and Alexandre Mamedov, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., SethukavalanPerakaaPLaurence Klotz, Danny Vesprini, Perakaa Sethukavalan, Vibhuti Jethava, Liying Zhang, Suneil Jain, Toshihiro Yamamoto, and Andrew Loblaw, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto; and Alexandre Mamedov, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., et al. Long-term follow-up of a large active surveillance cohort of patients with prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 33:272-7, .
6. [26489923] BittnerNNDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Tacoma/Valley Radiation Oncology Centers, Tacoma, WA., MerrickG SGSDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling, WV; Department of Radiology, Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, WV; Department of Urology, Wheeling Hospital, Wheeling, WV. Electronic address: gmerrick@urologicresearchinstitute.org., GalbreathR WRWDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling, WV; Department of Radiology, Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, WV; Ohio University Eastern, St. Clairsville, OH., ButlerW MWMDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling, WV; Department of Radiology, Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, WV., AdamovichEEDepartment of Pathology, Wheeling Hospital, Wheeling, WV.. Treatment outcomes with permanent brachytherapy in high-risk prostate cancer patients stratified into prognostic categories. Brachytherapy 14:766-72, .
7. [29509865] Kishan AU, Cook RR, Ciezki JP, et al. Radical Prostatectomy, External Beam Radiotherapy, or External Beam Radiotherapy With Brachytherapy Boost and Disease Progression and Mortality in Patients With Gleason Score 9-10 Prostate Cancer. JAMA. 319(9):896-905, 2018 03 06.
8. [15275720] StockRichard GRGDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1236, 1184 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA. r.stock@mssm.edu, CahlonOrenO, CesarettiJamie AJA, KollmeierMarisa AMA, StoneNelson NNN. Combined modality treatment in the management of high-risk prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 59:1352-9, .
9. [24474970] TairaAl VAVDorothy Schneider Cancer Center, Mills-Peninsula Hospital, San Mateo., MerrickGregory SGSSchiffler Cancer Center & Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling., ButlerWayne MWMSchiffler Cancer Center & Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling., et al. Time to failure after definitive therapy for prostate cancer: implications for importance of aggressive local treatment. J Contemp Brachytherapy 5:215-21, .
10. [21195465] Zelefsky MJ, Yamada Y, Pei X, et al. Comparison of tumor control and toxicity outcomes of high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy and brachytherapy for patients with favorable risk prostate cancer. Urology. 2011;77(4):986-990.
11. [-3197646] ACR-AAPM Technical Standard for the Performance of High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy Physics. Available at https://gravitas.acr.org/PPTS/GetDocumentView?docId=82+&releaseId=2
12. [-3197647] American College of Radiology. ACR-AAPM Technical Standard for the Performance of Low-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy Physics. Available at https://gravitas.acr.org/PPTS/GetDocumentView?docId=110+&releaseId=2
13. [15062144] BeyerDavid CDCArizona Oncology Services, Scottsdale 85260, USA. dbeyer@azoncology.com, ThomasTerryT, HilbeJosephJ, SwensonVirginiaV. Relative influence of Gleason score and pretreatment PSA in predicting survival following brachytherapy for prostate cancer. Brachytherapy 2:77-84, .
14. [10458230] D'AmicoA VAVJoint Center for Radiation Therapy, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA. adamico@jcrt.harvard.edu, WhittingtonRR, MalkowiczS BSB, et al. Pretreatment nomogram for prostate-specific antigen recurrence after radical prostatectomy or external-beam radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 17:168-72, .
15. [11172949] D'Amico AV, Schultz D, Silver B, et al. The clinical utility of the percent of positive prostate biopsies in predicting biochemical outcome following external-beam radiation therapy for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2001;49(3):679-684.
16. [11849788] MerrickGregory SGSSchiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling Hospital, WV 26003-6300, USA. schifonc@wheelinghosp.com, ButlerWayne MWM, GalbreathRobert WRW, LiefJonathan HJH, AdamovichEdwardE. Relationship between percent positive biopsies and biochemical outcome after permanent interstitial brachytherapy for clinically organ-confined carcinoma of the prostate gland. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 52:664-73, .
17. [-3197761] National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Available at: https://www.nccn.org/store/login/login.aspx?ReturnURL=http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/prostate.pdf. .
18. [23769266] MarshallRichard ARADepartment of Radiation Oncology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY., BucksteinMichaelMDepartment of Radiation Oncology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY., StoneNelson NNNDepartment of Urology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY., StockRichardRDepartment of Radiation Oncology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY. Electronic address: richard.stock@mountsinai.org.. Treatment outcomes and morbidity following definitive brachytherapy with or without external beam radiation for the treatment of localized prostate cancer: 20-year experience at Mount Sinai Medical Center. Urol Oncol 32:38.e1-7, .
19. [22196131] MerrickGregory SGSSchiffler Cancer Center/Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, WV 26003, USA. gmerrick@urologicresearchinstitute.org, WallnerKent EKE, ButlerWayne MWM, et al. 20 Gy versus 44 Gy of supplemental external beam radiotherapy with palladium-103 for patients with greater risk disease: results of a prospective randomized trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 82:e449-55, .
20. [26051802] MerrickGregory SGSSchiffler Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, WV; Department of Urology, Wheeling Hospital, Wheeling, WV. Electronic address: gmerrick@urologicresearchinstitute.org., WallnerKent EKEPuget Sound Health Care System, Department of Radiation Oncology, Seattle, WA., GalbreathRobert WRWSchiffler Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, WV; Ohio University Eastern, St. Clairsville, OH., et al. Is supplemental external beam radiation therapy necessary for patients with higher risk prostate cancer treated with 103Pd? Results of two prospective randomized trials. Brachytherapy 14:677-85, .
22. [28725242] MahdaviS SaraSSDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Vancouver Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency., SpadingerIngrid TITDepartment of Medical Physics, Vancouver Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency., SalcudeanSeptimiu ESEDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia., et al. Focal application of low-dose-rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer: a pilot study. J Contemp Brachytherapy 9:197-208, .
23. [18597953] StoneNelson NNNMount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA., PottersLouisL, DavisBrian JBJ, et al. Multicenter analysis of effect of high biologic effective dose on biochemical failure and survival outcomes in patients with Gleason score 7-10 prostate cancer treated with permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 73:341-6, .
24. [18339488] CossetJean-MarcJMRadiology Department, Institut Curie, Paris, France. jean-marc.cosset@curie.net, FlamThierryT, ThiounnNicolasN, et al. Selecting patients for exclusive permanent implant prostate brachytherapy: the experience of the Paris Institut Curie/Cochin Hospital/Necker Hospital group on 809 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 71:1042-8, .
25. [17284379] Frank SJ, Grimm PD, Sylvester JE, et al. Interstitial implant alone or in combination with external beam radiation therapy for intermediate-risk prostate cancer: a survey of practice patterns in the United States. Brachytherapy. 2007;6(1):2-8.
26. [25911994] LissAdam LALDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI., Abu-IsaEyad IEIDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Providence Hospital, Novi, MI., JawadMaha SMSDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI., et al. Combination therapy improves prostate cancer survival for patients with potentially lethal prostate cancer: The impact of Gleason pattern 5. Brachytherapy 14:502-10, .
27. [28333019] CiezkiJay PJPTaussig Cancer Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. Electronic address: ciezkij@ccf.org., WellerMichaelMTaussig Cancer Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio., ReddyChandana ACATaussig Cancer Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio., et al. A Comparison Between Low-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy With or Without Androgen Deprivation, External Beam Radiation Therapy With or Without Androgen Deprivation, and Radical Prostatectomy With or Without Adjuvant or Salvage Radiation Therapy for High-Risk Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 97:962-975, .
28. [28433432] Rodda S, Tyldesley S, Morris WJ, et al. ASCENDE-RT: An Analysis of Treatment-Related Morbidity for a Randomized Trial Comparing a Low-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy Boost with a Dose-Escalated External Beam Boost for High- and Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 98(2):286-295, 2017 06 01.
29. [12126818] BollaMichelMUniversity Hospital, Grenoble, France, ColletteLaurenceL, BlankLéoL, et al. Long-term results with immediate androgen suppression and external irradiation in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (an EORTC study): a phase III randomised trial. Lancet 360:103-6, .
30. [17594359] BollaMichelMDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Albert Michallon University Hospital, Grenoble, France. MBolla@chu-grenoble.fr, DescotesJean-LucJL, ArtignanXavierX, FourneretPhilippeP. Adjuvant treatment to radiation: combined hormone therapy and external radiotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer. BJU Int 100 Suppl 2:44-7, .
31. [18413638] Horwitz EM, Bae K, Hanks GE, et al. Ten-year follow-up of radiation therapy oncology group protocol 92-02: a phase III trial of the duration of elective androgen deprivation in locally advanced prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(15):2497-2504.
32. [28110898] KeyesMMDepartment of Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Electronic address: mkeyes@bccancer.bc.ca., MerrickGGDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, WV., FrankS JSJDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX., GrimmPPProstate Cancer Center of Seattle, Seattle, WA., ZelefskyM JMJDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.. American Brachytherapy Society Task Group Report: Use of androgen deprivation therapy with prostate brachytherapy-A systematic literature review. Brachytherapy 16:245-265, .
33. [19553031] BittnerNathanNTacoma/Valley Radiation Oncology Centers, Tacoma, Washington, USA., MerrickGregory SGS, WallnerKent EKE, ButlerWayne MWM, GalbreathRobertR, AdamovichEdwardE. Whole-pelvis radiotherapy in combination with interstitial brachytherapy: does coverage of the pelvic lymph nodes improve treatment outcome in high-risk prostate cancer?. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 76:1078-84, .
34. [17531401] Lawton CA, DeSilvio M, Roach M, 3rd, et al. An update of the phase III trial comparing whole pelvic to prostate only radiotherapy and neoadjuvant to adjuvant total androgen suppression: updated analysis of RTOG 94-13, with emphasis on unexpected hormone/radiation interactions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007;69(3):646-655.
35. [12743142] Roach M, 3rd, DeSilvio M, Lawton C, et al. Phase III trial comparing whole-pelvic versus prostate-only radiotherapy and neoadjuvant versus adjuvant combined androgen suppression: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 9413. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(10):1904-1911.
36. [17289288] MerrickGregory SGSSchiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, WV, USA. gmerrick@urologicresearchinstitute.org, ButlerWayne MWM, WallnerKent EKE, et al. Androgen deprivation therapy does not impact cause-specific or overall survival in high-risk prostate cancer managed with brachytherapy and supplemental external beam. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 68:34-40, .
37. [28670842] LangleyStephen E MSEMSt Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford, Surrey, UK., SoaresRicardoRSt Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford, Surrey, UK., UribeJenniferJSt Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford, Surrey, UK., et al. Long-term oncological outcomes and toxicity in 597 men aged =60 years at time of low-dose-rate brachytherapy for localised prostate cancer. BJU Int 121:38-45, .
38. [19060584] MerrickGregory SGSSchiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, WV 26003-6300, USA. gmerrick@urologicresearchinstitute.org, WallnerKent EKE, GalbreathRobert WRW, et al. Biochemical and functional outcomes following brachytherapy with or without supplemental therapies in men < or = 50 years of age with clinically organ-confined prostate cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 31:539-44, .
39. [30635196] WinokerJared SJSDepartment of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY., OmideleOlamide OOODepartment of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY., StockRichard GRGDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY., StoneNelson NNNDepartment of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Electronic address: drnelsonstone@gmail.com.. Long-term oncological and functional outcomes support use of low-dose-rate brachytherapy with or without external beam radiation in young men (=60 years) with localized prostate cancer. Brachytherapy 18:192-197, .
40. [8270461] LeibelS ASAMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, New York, NY 10021., FuksZZ, ZelefskyM JMJ, WhitmoreW FWFJr. The effects of local and regional treatment on the metastatic outcome in prostatic carcinoma with pelvic lymph node involvement. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 28:7-16, .
41. [28344597] OkamotoKeiseiKDepartment of Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer., WadaAkinoriADepartment of Urology., KohnoNaoakiNDepartment of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.. High biologically effective dose radiation therapy using brachytherapy in combination with external beam radiotherapy for high-risk prostate cancer. J Contemp Brachytherapy 9:1-6, .
42. [24661660] Rusthoven CG, Carlson JA, Waxweiler TV, et al. The impact of definitive local therapy for lymph node-positive prostate cancer: a population-based study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2014;88(5):1064-1073.
43. [30355464] ParkerChristopher CCCAcademic Urology Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK; Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK. Electronic address: chris.parker@icr.ac.uk., JamesNicholas DNDInstitute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK., BrawleyChristopher DCDMedical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (UCL), London, UK., et al. Radiotherapy to the primary tumour for newly diagnosed, metastatic prostate cancer (STAMPEDE): a randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet 392:2353-2366, .
44. [6177876] HastakS MSM, GammelgaardJJ, HolmH HHH. Transrectal ultrasonic volume determination of the prostate--a preoperative and postoperative study. J Urol 127:1115-8, .
45. [6876274] HolmH HHH, JuulNN, PedersenJ FJF, HansenHH, StrøyerII. Transperineal 125iodine seed implantation in prostatic cancer guided by transrectal ultrasonography. J Urol 130:283-6, .
46. [9169829] NarayanaVVProvidence Cancer Center, Southfield, MI 48075, USA. vrinda@weare.ro.med.umich.edu, RobersonP LPL, PuA TAT, SandlerHH, WinfieldR HRH, McLaughlinP WPW. Impact of differences in ultrasound and computed tomography volumes on treatment planning of permanent prostate implants. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 37:1181-5, .
47. [9308937] NarayanaVVProvidence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA., RobersonP LPL, WinfieldR JRJ, McLaughlinP WPW. Impact of ultrasound and computed tomography prostate volume registration on evaluation of permanent prostate implants. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 39:341-6, .
48. [1555965] NathRRDepartment of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510., MeigooniA SAS, MelilloAA. Some treatment planning considerations for 103Pd and 125I permanent interstitial implants. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 22:1131-8, .
49. [2061125] RoyJ NJNDepartment of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021., WallnerK EKE, Chiu-TsaoS TST, AndersonL LLL, LingC CCC. CT-based optimized planning for transperineal prostate implant with customized template. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 21:483-9, .
50. [7721619] StockR GRGDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA., StoneN NNN, WessonM FMF, DeWyngaertJ KJK. A modified technique allowing interactive ultrasound-guided three-dimensional transperineal prostate implantation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 32:219-25, .
51. [28237429] VenkatesanA MAMSection of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX. Electronic address: avenkatesan@mdanderson.org., StaffordR JRJDepartment of Imaging Physics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX., DuranCihanCSection of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX., SoniP DPDDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Novi, MI., BerlinAADepartment of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON., McLaughlinP WPWDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Novi, MI.. Prostate magnetic resonance imaging for brachytherapists: Anatomy and technique. Brachytherapy 16:679-687, .
52. [30853392] MerrellKenneth WKWDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN., DavisBrian JBJDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Electronic address: davis.brian@mayo.edu., GouletChristopher CCCDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Billings Clinic, Billings, MT., et al. Reducing seed migration to near zero with stranded-seed implants: Comparison of seed migration rates to the chest in 1000 permanent prostate brachytherapy patients undergoing implants with loose or stranded seeds. Brachytherapy 18:306-312, .
53. [29241706] TaggarAmandeep SASDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY., CharasTomerTDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY., CohenGil'ad NGNDepartment Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY., et al. Placement of an absorbable rectal hydrogel spacer in patients undergoing low-dose-rate brachytherapy with palladium-103. Brachytherapy 17:251-258, .
54. [23039658] BeaulieuLucLDépartement de Radio-Oncologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6, Canada. beaulieu@phy.ulaval.ca, Carlsson TedgrenAsaA, CarrierJean-FrancoisJF, et al. Report of the Task Group 186 on model-based dose calculation methods in brachytherapy beyond the TG-43 formalism: current status and recommendations for clinical implementation. Med Phys 39:6208-36, .
55. [29424443] RivardMark JMJDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA., BallesterFacundoFDepartment of Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100, Spain., ButlerWayne MWMSchiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling Hospital, Wheeling, WV, 26003, USA., et al. Erratum: "Supplement 2 for the 2004 update of the AAPM Task Group No. 43 Report: Joint recommendations by the AAPM and GEC-ESTRO" [Med. Phys. Vol 44 (9), e297-e338 (2017)]. Med Phys 45:971-974, .
56. [17654921] RivardMark JMJDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. mrivard@tufts-nemc.org, ButlerWayne MWM, DeWerdLarry ALA, et al. Supplement to the 2004 update of the AAPM Task Group No. 43 Report. Med Phys 34:2187-205, .
57. [10802349] BeyerDDArizona Oncology Services, Scottsdale, AZ 85260, USA. dbeyer@azoncology.com, NathRR, ButlerWW, et al. American brachytherapy society recommendations for clinical implementation of NIST-1999 standards for (103)palladium brachytherapy. The clinical research committee of the American Brachytherapy Society. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 47:273-5, .
58. [9588923] Stock RG, Stone NN, Tabert A, Iannuzzi C, DeWyngaert JK. A dose-response study for I-125 prostate implants. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1998;41(1):101-108.
59. [17689026] StoneNelson NNNMount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. nelsonstone@optonline.net, PottersLouisL, DavisBrian JBJ, et al. Customized dose prescription for permanent prostate brachytherapy: insights from a multicenter analysis of dosimetry outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 69:1472-7, .
60. [18782682] Bice WS, Prestidge BR, Kurtzman SM, et al. Recommendations for permanent prostate brachytherapy with (131)Cs: a consensus report from the Cesium Advisory Group. Brachytherapy. 2008;7(4):290-296.
61. [16344253] MerrickGregory SGSSchiffler Cancer Center and Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, WV 26003-6300, USA. gmerrick@wheelinghospital.com, ButlerWayne MWM, WallnerKent EKE, et al. Variability of prostate brachytherapy pre-implant dosimetry: a multi-institutional analysis. Brachytherapy 4:241-51, .
62. [15028449] FreedlandStephen JSJDepartment of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-2101, USA., PrestiJoseph CJCJr, KaneChristopher JCJ, et al. Do younger men have better biochemical outcomes after radical prostatectomy?. Urology 63:518-22, .
63. [20149981] ButlerWayne MWMSchiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling Hospital, 1 Medical Park, Wheeling, WV 26003, USA. wbutler@wheelinghospital.org, StewartRenee RRR, MerrickGregory SGS. Evaluation of radiobiologic biochemical control in a large permanent prostate brachytherapy population from a single institution using AAPM TG-137 parameters. Brachytherapy 10:16-28, .
64. [16242258] StockRichard GRGDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA. richard.stock@msnyuhealth.org, StoneNelson NNN, CesarettiJamie AJA, RosensteinBarry SBS. Biologically effective dose values for prostate brachytherapy: effects on PSA failure and posttreatment biopsy results. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 64:527-33, .
65. [11895205] WallnerKentKRadiation Oncology, Puget Sound Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597, USA., MerrickGregorG, TrueLawrenceL, CavanaghWilliamW, SimpsonColleenC, ButlerWayneW. I-125 versus Pd-103 for low-risk prostate cancer: morbidity outcomes from a prospective randomized multicenter trial. Cancer J 8:67-73, .
66. [25213299] Benoit RM, Smith RP, Beriwal S. Five year prostate-specific antigen outcomes after caesium prostate brachytherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2014;26(12):776-780.
67. [29269207] BlanchardPierrePDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France., PughThomas JTJDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Houston, TX., SwansonDavid ADADepartment of Urology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX., et al. Patient-reported health-related quality of life for men treated with low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy as monotherapy with 125-iodine, 103-palladium, or 131-cesium: Results of a prospective phase II study. Brachytherapy 17:265-276, .
68. [12385927] Merrick GS, Butler WM, Wallner KE, Lief JH, Galbreath RW. Prophylactic versus therapeutic alpha-blockers after permanent prostate brachytherapy. Urology. 2002;60(4):650-655.
69. [-3197621] American College of Radiology. ACR Practice Parameter for Communication of Diagnostic Imaging Findings. Available at https://gravitas.acr.org/PPTS/GetDocumentView?docId=74+&releaseId=2
70. [9392542] DuboisD FDFRadiation Oncology Service, Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland AFB, TX, USA., PrestidgeB RBR, HotchkissL ALA, BiceW SWSJr, PreteJ JJJ. Source localization following permanent transperineal prostate interstitial brachytherapy using magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 39:1037-41, .
71. [9128971] MoerlandM AMADepartment of Radiotherapy, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands., WijrdemanH KHK, BeersmaRR, BakkerC JCJ, BattermannJ JJJ. Evaluation of permanent I-125 prostate implants using radiography and magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 37:927-33, .
72. [28343795] FrankS JSJDepartment of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX. Electronic address: sjfrank@mdanderson.org., MourtadaFFDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Newark, DE., CrookJJDepartment of Surgery, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Center for the Southern Interior, Kelowna, BC, Canada., MénardCCUniversity of Montréal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Techna Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.. Use of magnetic resonance imaging in low-dose-rate and high-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy from diagnosis to treatment assessment: Defining the knowledge gaps, technical challenges, and barriers to implementation. Brachytherapy 16:672-678, .
73. [9539566] PrestidgeB RBRDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Wilford Hall Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA., BiceW SWS, KieferE JEJ, PreteJ JJJ. Timing of computed tomography-based postimplant assessment following permanent transperineal prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 40:1111-5, .
74. [10360539] YueNNDepartment of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA., DickerA PAP, NathRR, WatermanF MFM. The impact of edema on planning 125I and 103Pd prostate implants. Med Phys 26:763-7, .
75. [12187237] DavisBrian JBJDivision of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA., BresnahanJohn FJF, StaffordScott LSL, KaronBarry LBL, KingBernard FBF, WilsonTorrence MTM. Prostate brachytherapy seed migration to a coronary artery found during angiography. J Urol 168:1103, .
76. [19060582] OrioPeter FPF3rdDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft Sam Houston, TX, USA., MerrickGregory SGS, GrimmPeterP, et al. Effects of the time interval between prostate brachytherapy and postimplant dosimetric evaluation in community practice: analysis of the Pro-Qura database. Am J Clin Oncol 31:523-31, .
77. [16563654] TausskyDanielDDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Canada., YeungIvanI, WilliamsTheresaT, et al. Rectal-wall dose dependence on postplan timing after permanent-seed prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 65:358-63, .
78. [9226320] WatermanF MFMDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA., YueNN, ReisingerSS, DickerAA, CornB WBW. Effect of edema on the post-implant dosimetry of an I-125 prostate implant: a case study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 38:335-9, .
79. [19994539] Nath R, Bice WS, Butler WM, et al. AAPM recommendations on dose prescription and reporting methods for permanent interstitial brachytherapy for prostate cancer: report of Task Group 137. Med Phys. 2009;36(11):5310-5322.
80. [10535622] YuYYDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester, New York 14642, USA. yu@vlab.medinfo.rochester.edu, AndersonL LLL, LiZZ, et al. Permanent prostate seed implant brachytherapy: report of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group No. 64. Med Phys 26:2054-76, .
81. [9727878] MerrickG SGSSchiffler Oncology Center, Wheeling Hospital, Wheeling Medical Park, West Virginia 26003, USA. oncology@hgo.net, ButlerW MWM, DorseyA TAT, WalbertH LHL. Influence of timing on the dosimetric analysis of transperineal ultrasound-guided, prostatic conformal brachytherapy. Radiat Oncol Investig 6:182-90, .
82. [9727874] WillinsJJDepartment of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA., WallnerKK. Time-dependent changes in CT-based dosimetry of I-125 prostate brachytherapy. Radiat Oncol Investig 6:157-60, .
83. [15789594] RobersonPeter LPLUniversity of Michigan, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. roberpl@umich.edu, McLaughlinP WilliamPW, NarayanaVrindaV, TroyerSaraS, HixsonGeorge VGV, KesslerMarc LML. Use and uncertainties of mutual information for computed tomography/ magnetic resonance (CT/MR) registration post permanent implant of the prostate. Med Phys 32:473-82, .
84. [9609905] DuboisD FDFDepartment of Radiation Oncology Service, Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland AFB, TX 78236-5300, USA., PrestidgeB RBR, HotchkissL ALA, PreteJ JJJ, BiceW SWSJr. Intraobserver and interobserver variability of MR imaging- and CT-derived prostate volumes after transperineal interstitial permanent prostate brachytherapy. Radiology 207:785-9, .
85. [12243822] LeeW RobertWRDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1030, USA. wrlee@wfubmc.edu, RoachMackM3rd, MichalskiJeffJ, MoranBrianB, BeyerDavidD. Interobserver variability leads to significant differences in quantifiers of prostate implant adequacy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 54:457-61, .
86. [10875454] NagSSThe American Brachytherapy Society, Oak Brook, IL, USA.. Brachytherapy for prostate cancer: summary of American Brachytherapy Society recommendations. Semin Urol Oncol 18:133-6, .
87. [10386635] Nag S, Beyer D, Friedland J, Grimm P, Nath R. American Brachytherapy Society (ABS) recommendations for transperineal permanent brachytherapy of prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1999;44(4):789-799.
88. [10656396] NagSSClinical Research Committee, The American Brachytherapy Society, Oak Brook, IL, USA. nag.1@osu.edu, BiceWW, DeWyngaertKK, PrestidgeBB, StockRR, YuYY. The American Brachytherapy Society recommendations for permanent prostate brachytherapy postimplant dosimetric analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 46:221-30, .
89. [22265434] Davis BJ, Horwitz EM, Lee WR, et al. American Brachytherapy Society consensus guidelines for transrectal ultrasound-guided permanent prostate brachytherapy. Brachytherapy. 2012;11(1):6-19.
90. [27964905] Davis BJ, Taira AV, Nguyen PL, et al. ACR appropriateness criteria: Permanent source brachytherapy for prostate cancer. Brachytherapy. 16(2):266-276, 2017 Mar - Apr.
91. [14529768] KollmeierMarisa AMADepartment of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA., StockRichard GRG, StoneNelsonN. Biochemical outcomes after prostate brachytherapy with 5-year minimal follow-up: importance of patient selection and implant quality. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 57:645-53, .
92. [17118317] LeeW RobertWRDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. lee00255@mc.duke.edu, BaeKyounghwaK, LawtonColleen ACA, et al. A descriptive analysis of postimplant dosimetric parameters from Radiation Therapy Oncology Group P0019. Brachytherapy 5:239-43, .
93. [11395226] PottersLLDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center at Mercy Medical Center, Rockville Centre, New York 11570, USA. PottersL@mskcc.org, CaoYY, CalugaruEE, TorreTT, FearnPP, WangX HXH. A comprehensive review of CT-based dosimetry parameters and biochemical control in patients treated with permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 50:605-14, .
94. [8635111] StockR GRGDpartment of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA., StoneN NNN, DeWyngaertJ KJK, LavagniniPP, UngerP DPD. Prostate specific antigen findings and biopsy results following interactive ultrasound guided transperineal brachytherapy for early stage prostate carcinoma. Cancer 77:2386-92, .
95. [17084558] Zelefsky MJ, Kuban DA, Levy LB, et al. Multi-institutional analysis of long-term outcome for stages T1-T2 prostate cancer treated with permanent seed implantation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007;67(2):327-333.
96. [15737906] MerrickGregory SGSSchiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling Hospital, Wheeling, WV 26003-6300, USA. gmerrick@wheelinghospital.com, ButlerWayne MWM, WallnerKent EKE, et al. The impact of radiation dose to the urethra on brachytherapy-related dysuria. Brachytherapy 4:45-50, .
97. [15533804] SherertzTracyTRadiation Oncology, Puget Sound Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, 1600 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108-1597, USA., WallnerKentK, MerrickGregoryG, et al. Factors predictive of rectal bleeding after 103Pd and supplemental beam radiation for prostate cancer. Brachytherapy 3:130-5, .
98. [16111583] TranAudreyADepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA., WallnerKentK, MerrickGregoryG, et al. Rectal fistulas after prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 63:150-4, .
99. [12419431] MerrickGregory SGSSchiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling Hospital, 1 Medical Park, Wheeling, WV 26003-6300, USA. schifonc@wheelinghosp.com, ButlerWayne MWM, WallnerKent EKE, et al. The importance of radiation doses to the penile bulb vs. crura in the development of postbrachytherapy erectile dysfunction. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 54:1055-62, .
100. [18922652] SolanAmy NANDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA. amy.solan@mountsinai.org, CesarettiJamie AJA, StoneNelson NNN, StockRichard GRG. There is no correlation between erectile dysfunction and dose to penile bulb and neurovascular bundles following real-time low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 73:1468-74, .
101. [19175107] PfeifferDouglasDImaging Department, Boulder Community Foothills Hospital, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA. dpfeiffer@bch.org, SutliefStevenS, FengWenzhengW, PierceHeather MHM, KoflerJimJ. AAPM Task Group 128: quality assurance tests for prostate brachytherapy ultrasound systems. Med Phys 35:5471-89, .
102. [-3197641] American College of Radiology. ACR–AAPM Technical Standard for Diagnostic Medical Physics Performance Monitoring of Real Time Ultrasound Equipment. Available at https://gravitas.acr.org/PPTS/GetDocumentView?docId=118+&releaseId=2
103. [8058027] KutcherG JGJDepartment of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021., CoiaLL, GillinMM, et al. Comprehensive QA for radiation oncology: report of AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group 40. Med Phys 21:581-618, .
104. [15070264] RivardMark JMJDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA., CourseyBert MBM, DeWerdLarry ALA, et al. Update of AAPM Task Group No. 43 Report: A revised AAPM protocol for brachytherapy dose calculations. Med Phys 31:633-74, .
105. [9350711] NathRRDepartment of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA., AndersonL LLL, MeliJ AJA, OlchA JAJ, StittJ AJA, WilliamsonJ FJF. Code of practice for brachytherapy physics: report of the AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group No. 56. American Association of Physicists in Medicine. Med Phys 24:1557-98, .
106. [18841836] ButlerWayne MWMSchiffier Cancer Center Wheeling Hospital and Jesuit University, Wheeling, West Virginia 26003, USA., BiceWilliam SWSJr, DeWerdLarry ALA, et al. Third-party brachytherapy source calibrations and physicist responsibilities: report of the AAPM Low Energy Brachytherapy Source Calibration Working Group. Med Phys 35:3860-5, .
107. [-3197883] American College of Radiology. ACR-ARS Practice Parameter for Radiation Oncology. Available at https://gravitas.acr.org/PPTS/GetDocumentView?docId=200+&releaseId=2
108. [16750326] KubanDeborah ADADepartment of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. dakuban@mdanderson.org, LevyLarry BLB, PottersLouisL, et al. Comparison of biochemical failure definitions for permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 65:1487-93, .
109. [16798415] Roach M, 3rd, Hanks G, Thames H, Jr., et al. Defining biochemical failure following radiotherapy with or without hormonal therapy in men with clinically localized prostate cancer: recommendations of the RTOG-ASTRO Phoenix Consensus Conference. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006;65(4):965-974.
110. [30245169] Morris WJ, Pickles T, Keyes M. Using a surgical prostate-specific antigen threshold of >0.2 ng/mL to define biochemical failure for intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer patients treated with definitive radiation therapy in the ASCENDE-RT randomized control trial. Brachytherapy. 17(6):837-844, 2018 Nov - Dec.
111. [17544597] BostancicChelseaCSchiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, WV 26003-6300, USA., MerrickGregory SGS, ButlerWayne MWM, et al. Isotope and patient age predict for PSA spikes after permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 68:1431-7, .
112. [10875459] CavanaghWWSeattle Prostate Institute, WA 98104, USA., BlaskoJ CJC, GrimmP DPD, SylvesterJ EJE. Transient elevation of serum prostate-specific antigen following (125)I/(103)Pd brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer. Semin Urol Oncol 18:160-5, .
113. [10737471] CritzF AFARadiotherapy Clinics of Georgia and Georgia Urology, Decatar, USA., WilliamsW HWH, BentonJ BJB, LevinsonA KAK, HolladayC TCT, HolladayD ADA. Prostate specific antigen bounce after radioactive seed implantation followed by external beam radiation for prostate cancer. J Urol 163:1085-9, .