ACR–ABS–ASTRO PRACTICE PARAMETER FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF RADIONUCLIDE-BASED HIGH-DOSE-RATE BRACHYTHERAPY

PREAMBLE

I. INTRODUCTION

II. PROCESS OF BRACHYTHERAPY

III. QUALIFICATIONS OF PERSONNEL

IV. PATIENT SELECTION CRITERIA

V. EQUIPMENT

VI. PATIENT AND PERSONNEL SAFETY

VII. DOCUMENTATION

VIII. QUALITY CONTROL AND IMPROVEMENT, SAFETY, INFECTION CONTROL, AND PATIENT EDUCATION

IX. SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

1. [-3197823] Devlin PM. Brachytherapy Applications and Techniques. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.
2. [-3197882] American College of Radiology. ACR-ARS Practice Parameter for Communication: Radiation Oncology. Available at https://gravitas.acr.org/PPTS/GetDocumentView?docId=199+&releaseId=2
3. [-3197883] American College of Radiology. ACR-ARS Practice Parameter for Radiation Oncology. Available at https://gravitas.acr.org/PPTS/GetDocumentView?docId=200+&releaseId=2
4. [-3197699] American College of Radiology. ACR-ARS Practice Parameter on Informed Consent- Radiation Oncology. Available at https://gravitas.acr.org/PPTS/GetDocumentView?docId=141+&releaseId=2
5. [-3197824] United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Part 35 - medical use of byproduct material. Available at: http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/cfr/part035/. .
6. [-3197825] United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. § 35.40 Written directives. Available at: http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/cfr/part035/. .
7. [-3197646] ACR-AAPM Technical Standard for the Performance of High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy Physics. Available at https://gravitas.acr.org/PPTS/GetDocumentView?docId=82+&releaseId=2
8. [-3197622] American College of Radiology. ACR Practice Parameter for Continuing Medical Education. Available at https://gravitas.acr.org/PPTS/GetDocumentView?docId=130+&releaseId=2
9. [25216857] GillBeant SBSDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania., LinJeff FJFDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania., KrivakThomas CTCDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, Western Pennsylvania Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania., et al. National Cancer Data Base analysis of radiation therapy consolidation modality for cervical cancer: the impact of new technological advancements. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 90:1083-90, .
10. [27836496] KarlssonJohannesJDepartment of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden., DreifaldtAnn-CharlotteACDepartment of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden., MordhorstLouise BohrLBDepartment of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden., SorbeBengtBDepartment of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden. Electronic address: bengt.sorbe@regionorebrolan.se.. Differences in outcome for cervical cancer patients treated with or without brachytherapy. Brachytherapy 16:133-140, .
11. [17331668] Viswanathan AN, Dimopoulos J, Kirisits C, Berger D, Potter R. Computed tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging-based contouring in cervical cancer brachytherapy: results of a prospective trial and preliminary guidelines for standardized contours. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007;68(2):491-498.
12. [15763303] Haie-MederChristineCDepartment of Radiotherapy, Brachytherapy Unit, Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif, France., PötterRichardR, Van LimbergenErikE, et al. Recommendations from Gynaecological (GYN) GEC-ESTRO Working Group (I): concepts and terms in 3D image based 3D treatment planning in cervix cancer brachytherapy with emphasis on MRI assessment of GTV and CTV. Radiother Oncol 74:235-45, .
13. [22265440] Beriwal S, Demanes DJ, Erickson B, et al. American Brachytherapy Society consensus guidelines for interstitial brachytherapy for vaginal cancer. Brachytherapy. 11(1):68-75, 2012 Jan-Feb.
14. [17141980] Fayed A, Mutch DG, Rader JS, et al. Comparison of high-dose-rate and low-dose-rate brachytherapy in the treatment of endometrial carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007;67(2):480-484.
15. [15850914] Frank SJ, Jhingran A, Levenback C, Eifel PJ. Definitive radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005; 62(1):138-147.
16. [27260082] HarkenriderMatthew MMMDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL. Electronic address: mharkenrider@lumc.edu., BlockAlec MAMDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL., AlektiarKaled MKMDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY., et al. American Brachytherapy Task Group Report: Adjuvant vaginal brachytherapy for early-stage endometrial cancer: A comprehensive review. Brachytherapy 16:95-108, .
17. [26620818] Harkenrider MM, Grover S, Erickson BA, et al. Vaginal brachytherapy for postoperative endometrial cancer: 2014 Survey of the American Brachytherapy Society. Brachytherapy. 2016;15(1):23-9. doi: 10.1016/j.brachy.2015.09.012. Epub 2015 Nov 24.
18. [24766678] Klopp A, Smith BD, Alektiar K, et al. The role of postoperative radiation therapy for endometrial cancer: Executive summary of an American Society for Radiation Oncology evidence-based guideline. Pract Radiat Oncol. 2014;4(3):137-144.
19. [10869750] PearceyR GRGDepartment of Oncology, University of Alberta Medical School, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada., PetereitD GDG. Post-operative high dose rate brachytherapy in patients with low to intermediate risk endometrial cancer. Radiother Oncol 56:17-22, .
20. [26186975] SchwarzJulie KJKDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. Electronic address: jschwarz@radonc.wustl.edu., BeriwalSushilSDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA., EsthappanJacquelineJDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO., et al. Consensus statement for brachytherapy for the treatment of medically inoperable endometrial cancer. Brachytherapy 14:587-99, .
21. [22265439] Small W, Jr., Beriwal S, Demanes DJ, et al. American Brachytherapy Society consensus guidelines for adjuvant vaginal cuff brachytherapy after hysterectomy. Brachytherapy. 2012; 11(1):58-67.
22. [16109462] SmallWilliamWJrDivision of Radiation Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. w-small@northwestern.edu, EricksonBethB, KwakwaFrancisF. American Brachytherapy Society survey regarding practice patterns of postoperative irradiation for endometrial cancer: current status of vaginal brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 63:1502-7, .
23. [26104944] Harkenrider MM, Alite F, Silva SR, Small W Jr. Image-Based Brachytherapy for the Treatment of Cervical Cancer. [Review]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 92(4):921-34, 2015 Jul 15.
24. [29594251] PötterRichardRDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria., TanderupKariKDepartment of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark., KirisitsChristianCDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria., et al. The EMBRACE II study: The outcome and prospect of two decades of evolution within the GEC-ESTRO GYN working group and the EMBRACE studies. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 9:48-60, .
25. [27134181] SturdzaAlinaAMedical University of Vienna, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Austria., PötterRichardRMedical University of Vienna, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Austria. Electronic address: richard.poetter@meduniwien.ac.at., FokdalLars UlrikLUAarhus University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Denmark., et al. Image guided brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer: Improved pelvic control and survival in RetroEMBRACE, a multicenter cohort study. Radiother Oncol 120:428-433, .
26. [12095564] CraneChristopher HCHDepartment of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ccrane@mdanderson.org, MacdonaldKenneth OKO, VautheyJ NJN, et al. Limitations of conventional doses of chemoradiation for unresectable biliary cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 53:969-74, .
27. [16922259] CzitoBrian GBGDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA., AnscherMitchell SMS, WillettChristopher GCG. Radiation therapy in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. Oncology (Williston Park) 20:873-84; discussion 886-8, 893-5, .
28. [-3197826] Erickson B, Subir N. Extrahepatic bile duct and liver cancer. In: Nag S, ed. Principles and Practice of Brachytherapy. Armonk, NY: Futura Publishing Co.; 1997:367-91.
29. [12007950] SurRanjan KRKUniversity of the Witwatersrand, Box 4280, Cresta 2118, Johannesburg, South Africa. rksur@global.co.za, LevinC VictorCV, DondeBernardB, SharmaVinayV, MiszczykLeszekL, NagSubirS. Prospective randomized trial of HDR brachytherapy as a sole modality in palliation of advanced esophageal carcinoma--an International Atomic Energy Agency study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 53:127-33, .
30. [18188518] BrunnerThomas BTBDepartment of Radiation Therapy, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen. thomas.brunner@rob.ox.ac.uk, RuppAndreasA, MelznerWinfridW, GrabenbauerGerhard GGG, SauerRolfR. Esophageal cancer. A prospective phase II study of concomitant-boost external-beam chemoradiation with a top-up endoluminal boost. Strahlenther Onkol 184:15-22, .
31. [21748259] MurakamiYujiYDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan. yujimura@hiroshima-u.ac.jp, NagataYasushiY, NishibuchiIkunoI, et al. Long-term outcomes of intraluminal brachytherapy in combination with external beam radiotherapy for superficial esophageal cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 17:263-71, .
32. [16504758] YamadaKazunariKDepartment of Therapeutic Radiology, Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan. kyamada-rad@umin.ac.jp, MurakamiMasaoM, OkamotoYoshiakiY, et al. Treatment results of chemoradiotherapy for clinical stage I (T1N0M0) esophageal carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 64:1106-11, .
33. [20510543] Aumont-le GuilcherMaudMCentre René Gauducheau, Nantes, France., PrevostBernardB, SunyachMarie PierreMP, et al. High-dose-rate brachytherapy for non-small-cell lung carcinoma: a retrospective study of 226 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 79:1112-6, .
34. [17084547] HennequinChristopheCService de Cancérologie-Radiothérapie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France. christophe.hennequin@sls.ap-hop-paris.fr, BleichnerOlivierO, TrédanielJeanJ, et al. Long-term results of endobronchial brachytherapy: A curative treatment?. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 67:425-30, .
35. [22824158] KawamuraHidemasaHDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan. kawa@gunma-u.ac.jp, EbaraTakeshiT, KatohHiroyukiH, et al. Long-term results of curative intraluminal high dose rate brachytherapy for endobronchial carcinoma. Radiat Oncol 7:112, .
36. [23289530] NiemoellerOlivier MOMDepartment of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Marchioninistr, 15, 81377 Munich, Germany. olivier.niemoeller@med.uni-muenchen.de, PöllingerBarbaraB, NiyaziMaximilianM, et al. Mature results of a randomized trial comparing two fractionation schedules of high dose rate endoluminal brachytherapy for the treatment of endobronchial tumors. Radiat Oncol 8:8, .
37. [18482780] OzkokSerdarSEge University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Izmir, Turkey., Karakoyun-CelikOmurO, GokselTuncayT, et al. High dose rate endobronchial brachytherapy in the management of lung cancer: response and toxicity evaluation in 158 patients. Lung Cancer 62:326-33, .
38. [18249501] Corner C, Rojas AM, Bryant L, Ostler P, Hoskin P. A Phase II study of high-dose-rate afterloading brachytherapy as monotherapy for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008; 72(2):441-446.
39. [25085454] DemanesD JeffreyDJDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA., GhilezanMichel IMIDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Michigan Healthcare Professionals/21 Century Oncology, Pontiac, MI. Electronic address: mghileza@rtsx.com.. High-dose-rate brachytherapy as monotherapy for prostate cancer. Brachytherapy 13:529-41, .
40. [25018002] HoskinPeterPCancer Centre, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK., RojasAnaACancer Centre, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK. Electronic address: arc03@btconnect.com., OstlerPeterPCancer Centre, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK., et al. High-dose-rate brachytherapy with two or three fractions as monotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer. Radiother Oncol 112:63-7, .
41. [12841597] YamazakiHideyaHDepartment of Radiology, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Shibahara 4-14-1, Toyonaka, 560-8565 Osaka, Japan. hideya10@hotmail.com, InoueTakehiroT, YoshidaKenK, et al. Brachytherapy for early oral tongue cancer: low dose rate to high dose rate. J Radiat Res 44:37-40, .
42. [15817332] DemanesD JeffreyDJCalifornia Endocurietherapy Cancer Center, Oakland, CA, USA. jdemanes@cetmc.com, RodriguezRodney RRR, SchourLionelL, BrandtDavidD, AltieriGillianG. High-dose-rate intensity-modulated brachytherapy with external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer: California endocurietherapy's 10-year results. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 61:1306-16, .
43. [24360880] GalalaeRazvan MRMMedical Faculty, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany. Electronic address: galalae@evk-ge.de., ZakikhanyNuria HelenaNHMedical Faculty, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany., GeigerFriedemannFDepartment of Pediatrics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany., et al. The 15-year outcomes of high-dose-rate brachytherapy for radical dose escalation in patients with prostate cancer - a benchmark for high-tech external beam radiotherapy alone?. Brachytherapy 13:117-22, .
44. [22088340] RogersC LelandCLGammaWest Cancer Services, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Leland@GammaWest.com, AlderStephen CSC, RogersR LeGrandRL, et al. High dose brachytherapy as monotherapy for intermediate risk prostate cancer. J Urol 187:109-16, .
45. [24790627] YoshiokaYasuoYDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan., SuzukiOsamuODepartment of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan., OtaniYukiYDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan., YoshidaKenKDepartment of Radiology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan., NoseTakayukiTDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Nippon Medical School Tama Nagayama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan., OgawaKazuhikoKDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.. High-dose-rate brachytherapy as monotherapy for prostate cancer: technique, rationale and perspective. J Contemp Brachytherapy 6:91-8, .
46. [22929859] ZamboglouNikolaosNDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Offenbach, Offenbach, Germany., TselisNikolaosN, BaltasDimosD, et al. High-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy as monotherapy for clinically localized prostate cancer: treatment evolution and mature results. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 85:672-8, .
47. [26797541] JawadMaha SaadaMSDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan., DilworthJoshua TJTDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan., GustafsonGary SGSDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan., et al. Outcomes Associated With 3 Treatment Schedules of High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy Monotherapy for Favorable-Risk Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 94:657-66, .
48. [29229325] FrankSteven JSJDepartment of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Electronic address: sjfrank@mdanderson.org., PughThomas JTJDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado., BlanchardPierrePDepartment of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France., et al. Prospective Phase 2 Trial of Permanent Seed Implantation Prostate Brachytherapy for Intermediate-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer: Efficacy, Toxicity, and Quality of Life Outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 100:374-382, .
49. [25736733] KukielkaAndrzej MarekAMDepartment of Radiotherapy, Centrum Onkologii Instytut im. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie, Oddzial w Krakowie, Kraków, Poland. Electronic address: drkukielka@gmail.com., DabrowskiTomaszTDepartment of Radiotherapy, Centrum Onkologii Instytut im. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie, Oddzial w Krakowie, Kraków, Poland., WalasekTomaszTDepartment of Radiotherapy, Centrum Onkologii Instytut im. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie, Oddzial w Krakowie, Kraków, Poland., OlchawaAgnieszkaADepartment of Radiotherapy, Szpital Specjalistyczny im J. Sniadeckiego, Nowy Sacz, Poland., KudziaRoksanaRDepartment of Medical Physics, Centrum Onkologii Instytut im. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie, Oddzial w Krakowie, Kraków, Poland., DybekDorotaDDepartment of Medical Physics, Centrum Onkologii Instytut im. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie, Oddzial w Krakowie, Kraków, Poland.. High-dose-rate brachytherapy as a monotherapy for prostate cancer--Single-institution results of the extreme fractionation regimen. Brachytherapy 14:359-65, .
50. [23474112] ChenChien PeterCPDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Scripps Clinic, San Diego, California, USA., WeinbergVivianV, ShinoharaKatsutoK, et al. Salvage HDR brachytherapy for recurrent prostate cancer after previous definitive radiation therapy: 5-year outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 86:324-9, .
51. [24373762] YamadaYoshiyaYDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY. Electronic address: yamadaj@mskcc.org., KollmeierMarisa AMADepartment of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY., PeiXinXDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY., et al. A Phase II study of salvage high-dose-rate brachytherapy for the treatment of locally recurrent prostate cancer after definitive external beam radiotherapy. Brachytherapy 13:111-6, .
52. [28341011] Jiang P, van der Horst C, Kimmig B, et al. Interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy as salvage treatment for locally recurrent prostate cancer after definitive radiation therapy: Toxicity and 5-year outcome. Brachytherapy. 16(1):186-192, 2017 Jan - Feb.
53. [30244878] Murgic J, Morton G, Loblaw A, et al. Focal Salvage High Dose-Rate Brachytherapy for Locally Recurrent Prostate Cancer After Primary Radiation Therapy Failure: Results From a Prospective Clinical Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 102(3):561-567, 2018 11 01.
54. [12065103] ReschAlexandraADepartment of Radiotherapy and Radiobiology, Vienna University, Medical School, General Hospital of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-22, Vienna, Austria., PötterRichardR, Van LimbergenErikE, et al. Long-term results (10 years) of intensive breast conserving therapy including a high-dose and large-volume interstitial brachytherapy boost (LDR/HDR) for T1/T2 breast cancer. Radiother Oncol 63:47-58, .
55. [22588673] SchroederThomas MTMUNM Cancer Center, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA. tschroeder@salud.unm.edu, LiemBenB, SampathSagusS, ThompsonWilliam RWR, LonghurstJanetJ, RoyceMelanieM. Early breast cancer with positive margins: excellent local control with an upfront brachytherapy boost. Breast Cancer Res Treat 134:719-25, .
56. [-3197659] American College of Radiology. ACR-ABS-ARS Practice Parameter for Transperineal Permanent Brachytherapy of Prostate Cancer. Available at https://gravitas.acr.org/PPTS/GetDocumentView?docId=70+&releaseId=2
57. [17826055] BenitezPamela RPRDepartment of Surgery, William Beaumont Hospital, 3577 W. 13 Mile Rd, Suite 201, Beaumont Cancer Center, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA. pbenitez@beaumont.edu, KeischMartin EME, ViciniFrankF, et al. Five-year results: the initial clinical trial of MammoSite balloon brachytherapy for partial breast irradiation in early-stage breast cancer. Am J Surg 194:456-62, .
58. [29074088] Shah C, Vicini F, Shaitelman SF, et al. The American Brachytherapy Society consensus statement for accelerated partial-breast irradiation. Brachytherapy. 17(1):154-170, 2018 Jan - Feb.
59. [28779963] ColesCharlotte ECEDepartment of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Electronic address: colesc@doctors.org.uk., GriffinClare LCLClinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK., KirbyAnna MAMDepartment of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK., et al. Partial-breast radiotherapy after breast conservation surgery for patients with early breast cancer (UK IMPORT LOW trial): 5-year results from a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 390:1048-1060, .
60. [29695348] SchäferRebekkaRDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. Electronic address: schaefer_r2@ukw.de., StrnadVratislavVDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany., PolgárCsabaCCenter of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary., et al. Quality-of-life results for accelerated partial breast irradiation with interstitial brachytherapy versus whole-breast irradiation in early breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery (GEC-ESTRO): 5-year results of a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 19:834-844, .
61. [20605365] StrnadVratislavVDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany. vratislav.strnad@uk-erlangen.de, HildebrandtGuidoG, PötterRichardR, et al. Accelerated partial breast irradiation: 5-year results of the German-Austrian multicenter phase II trial using interstitial multicatheter brachytherapy alone after breast-conserving surgery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 80:17-24, .
62. [22209153] HamidSubarnaSDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. shamid@tuftsmedicalcenter.org, RocchioKathyK, ArthurDouglasD, et al. A multi-institutional study of feasibility, implementation, and early clinical results with noninvasive breast brachytherapy for tumor bed boost. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 83:1374-80, .
63. [24099648] LeonardKara LynneKLDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI; Department of Radiation Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA. Electronic address: karalynne.kerr@gmail.com., HepelJaroslaw TJT, StyczynskiJohn RJR, HiattJessica RJR, DipetrilloThomas ATA, WazerDavid EDE. Breast boost using noninvasive image-guided breast brachytherapy vs. external beam: a 2:1 matched-pair analysis. Clin Breast Cancer 13:455-9, .
64. [24997723] HepelJaroslaw TJTDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Radiation Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University, Boston, MA. Electronic address: jhepel@lifespan.org., HiattJessica RJRDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI., ShaSandraSDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Watson Clinic, Lakeland, FL., et al. The rationale, technique, and feasibility of partial breast irradiation using noninvasive image-guided breast brachytherapy. Brachytherapy 13:493-501, .
65. [29936130] Hepel JT, Yashar C, Leonard KL, et al. Five fraction accelerated partial breast irradiation using noninvasive image-guided breast brachytherapy: Feasibility and acute toxicity. Brachytherapy. 17(5):825-830, 2018 Sep - Oct.
66. [27720585] SchusterJessicaJDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. Electronic address: Jessica.moore84@hotmail.com., ChipkoChristopherCDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA., KasperMichaelMSchmidt College of Medicine, FAU Lynn Cancer Institute, Boca Raton, FL., et al. Updated feasibility and reproducibility results of multi-institutional study of noninvasive breast tumor bed boost. Brachytherapy 15:804-811, .
67. [22015276] OrecchiaRobertoRRadiation Oncology Department, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. roberto.orecchia@ieo.it, LeonardoMaria CristinaMC. Intraoperative radiation therapy: is it a standard now?. Breast 20 Suppl 3:S111-5, .
68. [19545784] Smith BD, Arthur DW, Buchholz TA, et al. Accelerated partial breast irradiation consensus statement from the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009;74(4):987-1001.
69. [18514949] WhiteJulia RJRDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226-4801 , USA. jwhite@mcw.edu, HalbergFrancine EFE, RabinovitchRachelR, et al. American College of Radiology appropriateness criteria on conservative surgery and radiation: stages I and II breast carcinoma. J Am Coll Radiol 5:701-13, .
70. [9790286] HarrisonL BLBDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA., LeeH JHJ, PfisterD GDG, et al. Long term results of primary radiotherapy with/without neck dissection for squamous cell cancer of the base of tongue. Head Neck 20:668-73, .
71. [7960998] HarrisonL BLBDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021., ZelefskyM JMJ, ArmstrongJ GJG, CarperEE, GaynorJ JJJ, SessionsR BRB. Performance status after treatment for squamous cell cancer of the base of tongue--a comparison of primary radiation therapy versus primary surgery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 30:953-7, .
72. [19405086] CanoElmer RERDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA., LaiStephen YSY, CaylakliFatmaF, et al. Management of squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue with chemoradiation and brachytherapy. Head Neck 31:1431-8, .
73. [15183475] LevendagPeterPDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. p.levendag@erasmusmc.nl, NijdamWidekeW, NoeverIngeI, et al. Brachytherapy versus surgery in carcinoma of tonsillar fossa and/or soft palate: late adverse sequelae and performance status: can we be more selective and obtain better tissue sparing?. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 59:713-24, .
74. [16839706] LevendagPeter CPCDepartment of Radiation-Oncology, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. p.levendag@erasmusmc.nl, NijdamWideke MWM, van MoolenburghSanne ESE, et al. Interstitial radiation therapy for early-stage nasal vestibule cancer: a continuing quest for optimal tumor control and cosmesis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 66:160-9, .
75. [21620582] Martínez-MongeRafaelRDepartment of Oncology, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. rmartinezm@unav.es, Pagola DivassónMaríaM, CambeiroMauricioM, et al. Determinants of complications and outcome in high-risk squamous cell head-and-neck cancer treated with perioperative high-dose rate brachytherapy (PHDRB). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 81:e245-54, .
76. [23906605] MatsumotoKeijiK*Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. shioyama@radiol.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp., SasakiTomonariT, ShioyamaYoshiyukiY, et al. Treatment outcome of high-dose-rate interstitial radiation therapy for patients with stage I and II mobile tongue cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 43:1012-7, .
77. [19329209] Mazeron JJ, Ardiet JM, Haie-Meder C, et al. GEC-ESTRO recommendations for brachytherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Radiother Oncol. 2009;91(2):150-156.
78. [8969757] Pernot M, Hoffstetter S, Peiffert D, et al. Role of interstitial brachytherapy in oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma: reflection of a series of 1344 patients treated at the time of initial presentation. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1996;115(6):519-526.
79. [23988507] Takácsi-NagyZoltánZCenter of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: takacsi@oncol.hu., ObernaFerencF, KoltaiPálP, et al. Long-term outcomes with high-dose-rate brachytherapy for the management of base of tongue cancer. Brachytherapy 12:535-41, .
80. [17348432] YamazakiHideyaHDepartment of Radiology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Hoenzaka 2-1-14 Chuo-ku, Osaka city, Osaka 540-0006 Japan. hideya10@hotmail.com, InoueTakehiroT, YoshidaKenK, et al. Comparison of three major radioactive sources for brachytherapy used in the treatment of node negative T1-T3 oral tongue cancer: influence of age on outcome. Anticancer Res 27:491-7, .
81. [23179377] YamazakiHideyaHDepartment of Radiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan. hideya10@hotmail.com, YoshidaKenK, YoshiokaYasuoY, et al. High dose rate brachytherapy for oral cancer. J Radiat Res 54:1-17, .
82. [11483328] NagSSDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. nag.1@osu.edu, CanoE RER, DemanesD JDJ, PuthawalaA AAA, VikramBB, American Brachytherapy Society. The American Brachytherapy Society recommendations for high-dose-rate brachytherapy for head-and-neck carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 50:1190-8, .
83. [12172246] GlatzelMichaelMDepartment of Radiotherapy, Zentralklinikum Suhl, Germany. michael.glatzel@zentralklinikum-suhl.de, BüntzelJensJ, SchröderDirkD, KüttnerKlausK, FröhlichDietmarD. High-dose-rate brachytherapy in the treatment of recurrent and residual head and neck cancer. Laryngoscope 112:1366-71, .
84. [8985043] InoueTTDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Biomedical Research Center, Osaka University Medical School, Japan., InoueTT, TeshimaTT, et al. Phase III trial of high and low dose rate interstitial radiotherapy for early oral tongue cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 36:1201-4, .
85. [12972306] KakimotoNaoyaNDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Oral Developmental Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan., InoueTakehiroT, InoueToshihikoT, et al. Results of low- and high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy for T3 mobile tongue cancer. Radiother Oncol 68:123-8, .
86. [11891960] LeungTo-WaiTWDepartment of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China. tw_leung@hotmail.com, WongVicty Yee-WaVY, KwanKin-HungKH, et al. High dose rate brachytherapy for early stage oral tongue cancer. Head Neck 24:274-81, .
87. [19230791] PatraNiladri BNBDepartment of Radiotherapy, Medical College Hospital, Kolkata, India. Electronic address: nbpatra@yahoo.co.in., GoswamiJyotirupJDepartment of Radiotherapy, Medical College Hospital, Kolkata, India., BasuSwapnenduSDepartment of Radiotherapy, Medical College Hospital, Kolkata, India., ChatterjeeKaushikKDepartment of Radiotherapy, Medical College Hospital, Kolkata, India., SarkarShyamal KSKDepartment of Radiotherapy, Medical College Hospital, Kolkata, India.. Outcomes of high dose rate interstitial boost brachytherapy after external beam radiation therapy in head and neck cancer--an Indian (single institutional) learning experience. Brachytherapy 8:248-254, .
88. [16114005] PellizzonAntonio Cassio AssisACRadiation Oncology Department, Hospital AC Camargo, Rua Professor Antonio Prudente, 211, Liberdade, São Paulo, Brazil. CEP 01509-010. pellizzon@aol.com, dos Santos NovaesPaulo Eduardo RibeiroPE, Conte MaiaMaria AparecidaMA, et al. Interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy combined with cervical dissection on head and neck cancer. Head Neck 27:1035-41, .
89. [16029806] HepelJaroslaw TJTDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA 90806, USA. bvigil@memnet.org, SyedA M NisarAM, PuthawalaAjmelA, SharmaAnilA, FrankelPaulP. Salvage high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy for recurrent head-and-neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 62:1444-50, .
90. [15062136] GoodmanKaryn AKADepartment of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA., WoldenSuzanne LSL, LaQuagliaMichael PMP, AlektiarKaledK, D'SouzaDavidD, ZelefskyMichael JMJ. Intraoperative high-dose-rate brachytherapy for pediatric solid tumors: a 10-year experience. Brachytherapy 2:139-46, .
91. [15607151] Martínez-MongeRafaelRDepartment of Oncology, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Avda Pío XII s/n, Pamplona, E-31080 Navarre, Spain. rmartinezm@unav.es, GarránCristinaC, CambeiroMauricioM, San JuliánMikelM, AlcaldeJuanJ, SierrasesúmagaLuisL. Feasibility report of conservative surgery, perioperative high-dose-rate brachytherapy (PHDRB), and low-to-moderate dose external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in pediatric sarcomas. Brachytherapy 3:196-200, .
92. [11597815] NagSSArthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. nag.1@osu.edu, TippinDD, RuymannF BFB. Intraoperative high-dose-rate brachytherapy for the treatment of pediatric tumors: the Ohio State University experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 51:729-35, .
93. [20692211] ItamiJunJDepartment of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. jitami@ncc.go.jp, SumiMinakoM, BeppuYasuoY, et al. High-dose rate brachytherapy alone in postoperative soft tissue sarcomas with close or positive margins. Brachytherapy 9:349-53, .
94. [17115103] LaskarSiddharthaSDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Dr. Ernest Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, India. laskars2000@yahoo.com, BahlGauravG, PuriAjayA, et al. Perioperative interstitial brachytherapy for soft tissue sarcomas: prognostic factors and long-term results of 155 patients. Ann Surg Oncol 14:560-7, .
95. [12794522] NagSubirSDivision of Radiation Oncology, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Hospitals, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. nag.1@osu.edu, TippinDouglasD, RuymannFrederick BFB. Long-term morbidity in children treated with fractionated high-dose-rate brachytherapy for soft tissue sarcomas. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 25:448-52, .
96. [19711130] PeteraJiríJDepartment of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. petera@fnhk.cz, SoumarováRenataR, RuzickováJanaJ, et al. Perioperative hyperfractionated high-dose rate brachytherapy for the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas: multicentric experience. Ann Surg Oncol 17:206-10, .
97. [-3197827] Raut C, Albert M. Soft tissue sarcoma brachytherapy. In: Devlin PM, ed. Brachytherapy Applications and Techniques. 1st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.
98. [18423047] VianiGustavo AGARadiation Oncology Department, Hospital do Cancer A,C, Camargo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. gusviani@gmail.com, NovaesPaulo EPE, JacintoAlexandre AAA, et al. High-dose-rate brachytherapy for soft tissue sarcoma in children: a single institution experience. Radiat Oncol 3:9, .
99. [19192645] BöllingTobiasTDepartment of Radiotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Germany. Tobias.Boelling@ukmuenster.de, SchüllerPatrickP, DistelmaierBerndB, et al. Perioperative high-dose rate brachytherapy using a bendy applicator (flab): treatment results of 74 patients. Anticancer Res 28:3885-90, .
100. [10192345] KoizumiMMDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Biomedical Research Center, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Japan., InoueTT, YamazakiHH, et al. Perioperative fractionated high-dose rate brachytherapy for malignant bone and soft tissue tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 43:989-93, .
101. [17284387] PoharSurjeetSDepartment of Radiation Oncology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 23507, USA. poharss@evms.edu, HaqRashidR, LiuLizhongL, et al. Adjuvant high-dose-rate and low-dose-rate brachytherapy with external beam radiation in soft tissue sarcoma: a comparison of outcomes. Brachytherapy 6:53-7, .
102. [10758318] AlektiarK MKMDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA., HuKK, AndersonLL, BrennanM FMF, HarrisonL BLB. High-dose-rate intraoperative radiation therapy (HDR-IORT) for retroperitoneal sarcomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 47:157-63, .
103. [16411144] DziewirskiWirginiuszWDepartment of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, W.K. Roentgena Str. 5, Warsaw, 02-781, Poland., RutkowskiPiotrP, NoweckiZbigniew IZI, et al. Surgery combined with intraoperative brachytherapy in the treatment of retroperitoneal sarcomas. Ann Surg Oncol 13:245-52, .
104. [12835885] RachbauerFranzFDepartment of Orthopedics, University of Innsbruck, Austria. Franz.Rachbauer@uibk.ac.at, SztankayArpadA, KreczyAlfonsA, et al. High-dose-rate intraoperative brachytherapy (IOHDR) using flab technique in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas. Strahlenther Onkol 179:480-5, .
105. [18599358] FabriniMaria GraziaMGDepartment of Oncology, Pisa University, and Division of Radiotherapy, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, via Roma 67, Pisa, Italy. m.fabrini@ao-pisa.toscana.it, PerroneFrancoF, De LiguoroMarioM, CioniniLucaL. High-dose-rate brachytherapy in a large squamous cell carcinoma of the hand. Brachytherapy 7:270-5, .
106. [18693093] SomanchiB VBVDepartment of Hand Surgery, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford M6 8HD, UK. brindavihari2001@yahoo.com, StantonAA, WebbMM, LoncasterJJ, AllanEE, MuirL T S WLT. Hand function after high dose rate brachytherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the skin of the hand. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 20:691-7, .
107. [24838690] LipmanDjoeriDDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands., VerhoefLia CLCDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands., TakesRobert PRPDepartment of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands., KaandersJohannes HJHDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands., JanssensGeert OGODepartment of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.. Outcome and toxicity profile after brachytherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule. Head Neck 37:1297-303, .
108. [8327737] PopL ALAInstitute of Radiotherapy, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands., KaandersJ HJH, HeinermanE CEC. High dose rate intracavitary brachytherapy of early and superficial carcinoma of the nasal vestibule as an alternative to low dose rate interstitial radiation therapy. Radiother Oncol 27:69-72, .
109. [31749853] VavassoriAndreaADepartment of Radiotherapy, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy., RivaGiuliaGDepartment of Radiotherapy, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy., DuranteStefanoSDepartment of Radiotherapy, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy., et al. Mould-based surface high-dose-rate brachytherapy for eyelid carcinoma. J Contemp Brachytherapy 11:443-448, .
110. [11316560] GuixBBDepartamento de Oncología Radioterápica, Fundació Institut Mèdic d'Onco Radioteràpia (IMOR), Universitat de Barcelona, C. Escoles Pies 81, 08017 Barcelona, Spain. bguix@imor.org, HenríquezII, AndrésAA, FinestresFF, TelloJ IJI, MartínezAA. Treatment of keloids by high-dose-rate brachytherapy: A seven-year study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 50:167-72, .
111. [27553611] HoangDonDFrom the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA., ReznikRobertRFrom the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA., OrgelMattMFrom the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA., LiQuanlinQFrom the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA., MirhadiAminAFrom the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA., KulberDavid ADAFrom the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.. Surgical Excision and Adjuvant Brachytherapy vs External Beam Radiation for the Effective Treatment of Keloids: 10-Year Institutional Retrospective Analysis. Aesthet Surg J 37:212-225, .
112. [17967309] VeenRonald EREDepartment of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands. R.E.Veen@umcutrecht.nl, KalHenk BHB. Postoperative high-dose-rate brachytherapy in the prevention of keloids. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 69:1205-8, .
113. [11813152] HuKenneth SKSCharles and Bernice Blitman Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Medical Center, and St. Lukes-Roosevelt Hospital Center, 10 Union Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA., EnkerWarren EWE, HarrisonLouis BLB. High-dose-rate intraoperative irradiation: current status and future directions. Semin Radiat Oncol 12:62-80, .
114. [-3197828] Nag S, Gunderson LL, Willett CG, Harrison LB, Calvo FA. Intraoperative irradiation with electron-beam or high-dose-rate brachytherapy. In: Gunderson LL, Willett CG, Harrison LB, Calvo FA, ed. Intraoperative Irradation: Techniques and Results. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 1999:111-30.
115. [12432296] VuongTéTDepartment of Radiation Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1A4., BelliveauPaul JPJ, MichelRené PRP, et al. Conformal preoperative endorectal brachytherapy treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer: early results of a phase I/II study. Dis Colon Rectum 45:1486-93; discussion 1493-5, .
116. [17714925] VuongTTDepartment of Radiation Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. te.vuong@muhc.mcgill.ca, DevicSS, PodgorsakEE. High dose rate endorectal brachytherapy as a neoadjuvant treatment for patients with resectable rectal cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 19:701-5, .
117. [17681244] Oehler-JänneChristophCRadiation Oncology, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland., SeifertBurkhardtB, LütolfUrs MUM, StuderGabrielaG, GlanzmannChristophC, CiernikI FrankIF. Clinical outcome after treatment with a brachytherapy boost versus external beam boost for anal carcinoma. Brachytherapy 6:218-26, .